The first step is to sand the hardwood floor to remove any previous finish and to smooth out any imperfections. The goal is to achieve a smooth, level surface.

If you want to change the color of the hardwood, you can apply a stain after sanding. This step is optional, but it can add depth and richness to the final finish.

After sanding (and staining, if applicable), the hardwood should be sealed with a protective coating. This can be done with a water-based or oil-based finish, depending on your preference. The sealer protects the hardwood from moisture, stains, and wear.

Once the sealer is dry, the hardwood is buffed with a fine-grit abrasive pad to smooth out any raised grain and to ensure a smooth surface for the final coats of finish.

Finally, the hardwood is finished with one or more coats of a topcoat finish. This can be a water-based or oil-based finish, and it can come in different sheens (e.g. matte, satin, semi-gloss, or high-gloss). The finish protects the hardwood from everyday wear and tear and gives it a beautiful, polished look.